LOS TIEMPOS VERBALES

CONJUGATION WITH THE VERB TO BE

To construct a simple sentence, for example to say that you are a student, simply use the verb "to be" "I am a student".

In this type of sentences you can choose any person and use the correct verb form of the verb "to be"

"He / She is a student". He / She is a student.

"We are doctors". We are doctors.

"You are a student". You are a student.

In the image you could notice that there is an abbreviated form (contraction) that is used when writing the verb "to be" and it is necessary to use an apostrophe to build it: "I am = I'm", "She is = She's" , etc.

The order of the words in English is very important: subject + verb + object.

If you need to ask a question, simply put the verb "to be" at the beginning of the sentence:

       "Am I a student?" I am a student?
       "Are we students?" We are students?
       "Is she clever?" She is smart?
You can answer like this:

Yes, he is / No, he is not = is not.

Yes, we are / No, we are not = are not.

To construct a negative sentence, use the adverb "not" after the verb:

       "I am not a student". I am not a student.
       "You are not a doctor". You are not a doctor.
       "She is not a teacher." She's not a teacher.
In negative sentences you can also use the abbreviated form of the verb "to be" and the adverb "not". For example: "he is not = he is not", "they are not = they are not", etc.

To practice the verb "to be" in English, write sentences with the following expressions. You can write your sentences in the comments.


       To be glad -
       To be busy -
       To be married -
       To be single -
       To be lucky -
       To be ready (for) -
HOW TO MAKE PRAYERS IN PRESENT SIMPLE

Affirmative
The basic formula for this type of sentence would be: Subject + Verb + Complement.



There is a rule that only applies to sentences in the present simple affirmative. When using the personal pronouns he, she, it, nouns and proper names in the singular, the verb undergoes modifications according to the following:

If the verb ends in X, SH, CH, O, SS and Z, it should be added to the end "-es". For example: Fix = Fixes, Wish = Wishes, Watch = Watches, Miss = Misses, Go = Goes
If the verb ends in a different combination than the previous one, "-s" is added at the end. For example: Work = Works, Eat = Eats, Call = Calls, Sleep = Sleeps
If the verb ends in "Y", but before it has a vowel, "-s" is added at the end. For example: Play = Plays, Pay = Pays
If the verb ends in "Y", but before it has a consonant, the "Y" is deleted and "-ies" is added. For example: Fly = Flies, Study = Studies


Let's see some examples of sentences in the present simple affirmative:

I go to class twice a week
She reads the newspaper every day
Mr. Green works with my uncle


In Spanish

I go to class twice a week
She reads the newspaper every day
Mr. Green works with my uncle


Negative
In this case, to write negative sentences, the auxiliary "do" should be used when we use the pronouns "I, You, We, They" and the auxiliary "does" when we use the pronouns "he, she, it", nouns and proper names in the singular.



So, the basic formula would be:

Subject + Auxiliary "do" or "does" + NOT + Verb + Complement



You can also use the contraction of the auxiliary with the negation, which would remain as "do not" and "does not"



For example

He does not live in Boston → He does not live in Boston
We do not go to the movies every weekend → We do not go to the movies every weekend


In Spanish

He does not live in Boston
We do not go to the movies every weekend

 HOW TO DO QUESTIONS

To ask questions in simple present, the basic formula varies a bit and is as follows:

Auxiliary "do" or "does" + subject + verb + complement +?



For example

Do you study English every day?
Does she watch TV at 9 pm?
In Spanish

Do you study English every day?
Does she watch television at 9pm?


There are other types of questions, which are called "Wh question". These are interrogative words that are used to specify the question and are the following: Who (who), What (what), Where (where), When (when), Why (why) and How (how).



Then, the formula for asking questions would be as follows:

Interrogative + auxiliary word "do" or "does" + Subject + Verb + Complement +?



Here are some examples of this type of questions:

Who is your English teacher? → Who is your English teacher?
What do you like to eat for breakfast? → What do you like to have breakfast?
En donde Vives? → Where do you live?
When does she practice tennis? → When do you practice tennis?
Why do they have to be always late? → Why do they always have to be late?
How are you? → How are you?



Once you master and feel comfortable with the basic structure of the present simple, you can explore more complex structures of this time, such as forming longer sentences and compound sentences.

IF YOU DID NOT UNDERSTAND WHAT SAID ABOVE, I LEAVE YOU THIS VIDEO TO BETTER ANALYZE THE THEME

To conjugate the present simple we use the infinitive for the subjects "I", "you", "we" and "they" and for the third persons "he", "she" and "it", we add a "-s" to the end of the verb.

NOTE: There are spelling exceptions in the third person, according to the letter in which the verb ends. The rules are the same as those used to form the plural of nouns. For more information, see the lesson about names.

1. Affirmative Sentences (Affirmative Sentences)

Subject + verb.

Examples:

I talk. (I speak.)

He eats. (He eats.)

They learn. (They learn.)

2. Negative Sentences (Negative phrases)

Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + negative auxiliary ("not") + verb.

Examples:

I do not [do not] talk. (I do not speak.)

He does not [does not] eat. (He does not eat.)

They do not [do not] learn. (They do not learn.)

Note: In negative phrases, the auxiliary verb ("to do") changes and the main verb goes in the infinitive.

3. Interrogative Sentences (Interrogative phrases)

Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + main verb?

Examples:

Do you talk? (Do you speak?)

Does he eat? (Does he eat?)

Do they learn? (Do they learn?)

Note: As in negative sentences, in interrogative phrases the auxiliary verb ("to do") changes and the main verb goes in the infinitive.

For more information on sentence structure, see the lesson, build sentences.

Uses (Uses)

1. The present simple is used to talk about things that happen habitually. Unlike with Spanish, the simple present is not used to talk about something that is happening at the moment we speak.

We usually use the present simple with adverbs of time:

 always (always), every day (usually), usually (often), often (often), sometimes (sometimes), rarely (rarely), hardly ever (almost never), never (never) ...

Examples:

I always talk to my mother on Sunday. (I always talk to my mother on Sunday.)

He never eats vegetables (He never eats vegetables.)

They usually learn something new in class. (They usually learn something new in class.)

Exception:

The adverbs of time go before the verb, except the verb "to be". When using "to be" the verb goes before the adverb.

Examples:

I am always happy. (I'm always happy.)

He is often sick. (He is often sick.)

They are rarely late. (On rare occasions they are late.)

2. It is used to talk about generalities or scientific facts.

Examples:

He does not eat vegetables. (He does not eat vegetables.)

She works in a hospital (She works in a hospital.)

Elephants live in Africa. (Elephants live in Africa.)

Bogota is in Colombia. (Bogotá is in Colombia.)

Do children like animals? (Do children like animals?)

Adults do not [do not] know everything. (Adults do not know everything.)

3. It is used for scheduled events in the near future.

Examples:

The train leaves at 10:00 (The train departs at 10am)

The party is tonight. (The party is tonight.)

Does the festival start tomorrow? (Does the festival start tomorrow?)

The plane does not arrive [today]. (The plane does not arrive today.)

4. It is used for instructions (the imperative).

Examples:

Open the window. (Opens the window.)

Eat the vegetables. (Eat the vegetables.)

Do not cry. (Do not cry.)

Do your homework. (Do your homework.)

Call your mother. (Call your mother.)

EXAMPLES USING THE GRAMMATIC RULES

POSITIVE:

Examples:

1. The bus stops at the corner. (El autobús se detiene en la esquina)
2. She wants to learn French. (Ella quiere aprender francés)
3. He speaks German. (Él habla alemán)
4. She wishes to learn Italian. (Ella desea aprender italiano)
5. The plane leaves from the airport at 8 o’clock. (El avión sale del aeropuerto a las a 8)
6. I drive to work every morning. (Yo conduzco al trabajo todas las mañanas)
7. He works in the third floor. (Él trabaja en el tercer piso)
8. You always come to class late. (Tú siempre llegas tarde a la clase)
9. He lives in Boston. (Él vive en Boston)
10. I understand everything in the book. (Yo entiendo todo en el libro)
11. She wants to visit London. (Ella quiere visitar Londres)

. 

NEGATIVE:

EXAMPLES

1. He doesn’t sing opera. (Él no canta opera).

2. She doesn’t like that kind of food. (A ella no le gusta ese tipo de comida).
3. It doesn’t fit. (No queda).
4. I don’t think so. (No lo creo).
5. I don’t buy that stuff. (No compro de esas cosas).
6. They don’t go there. (Ellos no van ahí).
7. We don’t play together. (Nosotros no tocamos juntos).
8. It doesn’t work. (No funciona).
9. He doesn’t act well. (Él no actúa bien).
10. You don’t do that very often. (Tú no haces eso muy seguido)

INTERROGATIVE:

EXAMPLES

1. Does she seem to be very busy? 
2. Does this bag belong to Jane?
3. Do they sell books there? 
4. Does the service opens at ten o’clock? 
5. Does she smoke a lot? 
6. Do they play chess every Saturday? 
7. Does the class begin at nine o’clock? 
8. Does she need to speak English in order to get a better job? 
9. Does the boy cry because his toy is broken?
10. Does the employee fix the mistake?